In The Astrophysical Journal, a University of Michigan-led study details how the Sun’s magnetic field evolves as it moves through space, providing insights into solar wind acceleration.
Using data from rare alignments of the Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter, researchers observe that the Sun’s magnetic field transitions from sharp oscillations to smoother waves, with the surrounding solar wind gaining velocity.
This discovery can enhance predictions of space weather, which impacts Earth’s technology and infrastructure.
As per reports, the study focus on magnetic switchbacks, sharp bends in the Sun’s magnetic field.
These phenomena influence the solar wind, a stream of charged particles that can disrupt power grids, communication systems, and satellites.
The Parker Solar Probe, station within 30 solar radii (Rs) of the Sun, and the Solar Orbiter, locate further out at 130 Rs, provide comparative measurements of magnetic fields and plasma moments.
The findings reveal that magnetic switchbacks smooth out into microstreams with 30% fewer reversals as they move outward, while the surrounding proton velocity increase by 10%.
Researchers attribute this to magnetic relaxation, where magnetic energy is convert into kinetic energy, accelerating the solar wind.
As per Shirsh Soni, research fellow in climate and space sciences at the University of Michigan and corresponding author of the study, said in a statement, this marks the first direct observation of switchback magnetic energy decreasing with distance.
Shirsh Soni said in reports that the collaboration between the Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter has been crucial for understanding the Sun’s magnetic processes.
Mojtaba Akhavan-Tafti, associate research scientist at the University of Michigan, highlight the broader implications, said in his statement, noting that magnetic switchbacks reveal the Sun’s dynamic energy processes and their influence on the solar system.
Researchers aim to investigate whether magnetic energy transfers also generate heat, potentially solving mysteries about the solar wind’s heating.
